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Home > > Discover Student Card- Clear
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DID YOU KNOW?
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Corporations that issue debt (bonds and notes) that are not backed by a specific asset are known as debentures. These bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the company. Most bond issues are debentures. Non secured corporate bonds offer higher rates of return than secured bonds. When a bond is secured, it is backed by collateral. That collateral could be" cash, securities, real estate or equipment. Debentures are rated for credit quality so that investors can make an informed decision. The lower the rating, the higher the yield or rate of return. "Higher risk equals higher yield". That is true for all investments and certainly includes bond investments. The 2 primary rating companies are Standard and Poors (S & P) and Moodys. Based on their ratings, debentures will be priced to sell at the minimum yield it will take for investors to buy them. Their rating system breaks down as such: S&P
AAA - The highest rating a debenture can receive.
AA
A
BBB
BBB and higher is considered investment grade. Investment grade bonds are normally a good risk and default is remote. Investors looking to protect their capital with debenture bonds should only invest in investment grade issues. Speculative or "junk bonds" are rated below beginning with BB. BB
B
CCC
and so on... Moodys has a similar rating system for debentures. They use some lower case ratings to set themselves apart from S&P. Moodys (Investment Grade)
Aaa
Aa
A
Baa
(Speculative)
Ba
B
Caa
If a corporation fails to make interest payments or does not return the par value principal at maturity on debentures, the company would be in default. If the company goes out of business, they still owe the money to the investors. Debentures are paid after other obligations and secured debt is paid. In the event of a liquidation, they are paid ahead of stockholders but not above other secured bondholders. Debentures always have a rate above U.S. Treasuries on the same maturity. U.S Treasury bonds are the safest bonds issues, so for corporate issues to be sold, they must offer an attractive spread over treasuries. Debentures are fully taxable. Any interest earned is taxed federal, state and local. Since they are fully taxable, their coupon rates are higher. Subordinated debentures are the same as debentures in most ways. They are backed by the full faith and credit of the company. However, subordinated debentures pay a high rate, but have a lower priority if the company goes out of business. Subordinated issues are the last bonds to be paid. They are the last creditors, before stockholders to be paid. Not all companies offer subordinated debentures. The risk is obvious, but if the company does not liquidate, the investors will benefit because of the higher rate of return. Their rating is normally lower when compared to similar debenture issues. Corporate bonds can be callable by the issuer. Call dates can be placed on the bond and this allows the company to redeem the bonds early beginning on set dates and at set redemption prices. This is normally not a good feature for investors, because an issue is normally called when interest rates are low - lower than your coupon rate. The main reason debentures or bonds in general are called, is because the issuer wants to refinance their debt at a lower rate. When this happens, the investor is faced with having his money (par) returned early, but the higher paying bond is no more. To make matters worse, interest rates are lower in the market, so finding a suitable replacement will be difficult, if not impossible. Callable bonds to pay a higher yield though, so for some the risk is worth it. Corporate debentures have a place in every bond portfolio. More on Debentures. |
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Considering soliciting the services of a debt consolidator is a good idea if you have massive debts, and are struggling to stay afloat. The economy is such at this present time that even many middle class families are having a difficult time. Housing is a big issue - homes are not selling, big reductions in the price of a home is seen, and new building construction is down. The evening news has many stories about people unable to pay rent, pay an ever-increasing heating bill, and unable to pay the high price of gasoline to even go out and look for work. We are a nation in deep economic trouble. People today are more and more turning to debt consolidation services to help bail them out of an unstable financial position. Services provided can help you to bring down your rate of interest and your amount of repayment on a scheduled basis. It will also help to decrease the stress your heavy debt load has caused you. Soliciting the help of a "free" debt consolidation service could be an even greater benefit to you. Even though it is not actually "free" to solicit these services, it is almost always far cheaper than it would to get the same service from a company that proivides this service to make a profit. The or-profit debt consolidators generally charge a flat every month for services provided, whereas free debt consolidators are subsidized in part by the actual creditors themselves. Consequently the no-profit debt consolidation servicest only need to charge the flat monthly fee, which means that in the long run, debtors will end up with lower rates. Not only do free debt consolidation services provide free debt consolidation, they also are not restricted to mere debt consolidation loans. In this country, are also a large number of credit counseling agencies that are non-profit. These agencies help individuals get their credit under control through education and credit counseling. It is the general opinion that people with poor credit prefer free debt consolidation service. On the other hand, for-profit services prefer clients who have relatively good credit, as they are more likely to be able to gain the full repayment. Because free debt consolidation services enjoy healthy subsidies from the creditors, they can afford to take the risk of helping people with poor credit who want to set their finances right. Since free debt consolidation services are more attractive, people will generally prefer it to for-profit services. However, the consumer needs to beware of scam companies that have been quick to exploit this preference and proclaim themselves as free services. It is always important to confirm the credibility of any organization you deal with, especially if they claim to be a free debt consolidation. If not, you could end up with even more massive debts. Visit http://www.liabilityrelief.com for more information on bad credit debt consolidation,credit card debt consolidation and debt consolidation counseling.
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